Andrea Mantegna-
Italian Renaissance Painter- Born 1431- in Padua, Venice.
Regarded for his Visual Experiments- In Perspective and Spatial Illusion.
His Guardian was painter Francesco Squarcione- but left his protection at the ages of 17- as he had seen corruption within his Teacher/ Guardian- as Squarcione profited of Mantegna's Work.
Mantegna's Early Work was lost/ destroyed during the WWII Bombings.
In 1453- Mantegna's Teacher- Italian Painter Jacopo Bellini- gave permission for Mantegna to marry his Daughter- as Mantegna was seemingly doing well for himself.
Mantegna became the Court Artist for Ludovico Gonzaga- he lived well during his time in this position.
Until death fell upon Ludovico Gonzaga- his Wife and his Son- this was a distressing point in Mantegna's life- as he grieved for some years.
Rome 1488- Mantegna was commissioned to paint certain Frescoes- commission by Pope Innocent VIII.
The Madonna and the Cherubim.
The Agony in the Garden- San Zeno Altarpiece- 1455.
Giulio Romano-
Late Italian Renaissance Painter and Architect- Born 1492/ 99.
Mannerist Style- Heir of Raphael- through Raphael he developed a highly personal/ anticlassical style of Art.
In 1524- after Raphael's Death in 1520- he left Rome for Mantua- remained there until his Death.
Palazzo del Te- Most important of Romano's Work- designed a Palace on the outskirts of Mantua- began 1525/ 26.
Helped to develop the Mannerist Style- phrase coined by the followers of the Renaissance Master's- e.g. Raphael- Mannerist style was based upon the ideas of the Renaissance Artists- but later became more involved in the Style/ Technique of the Work- as the Subject Matter became less important.
Madonna and Child- 1523.
Romano's Famous Fresco- on the Ceiling of the Palazzo del Te- Mannerist Style- illusion of a Dome overhead.
Benvenuto Cellini-
Led a troublesome Early Life- he was Banished to Siena in 1516- returned to Florence in 1516/ 17- to be condemned to Death in 1523- after once again fighting.
He was a Sculptor/ Writer/ Goldsmith- and Artist.
Participated in the Defence of Rome in 1527- rumoured to have shot the Constable of Bourbon and the Prince of Orange.
Executed a Number of Coins for Alessandro de Medici- commissioned by Cosimo de Medici- for Sculpture's etc.
Crucifix at El Escorial Monastery.
Assuage- To satisfy a desire/ to make an unpleasant feeling less unpleasant.
Awry- Away from the position/ course that is expected.
Axiom- A statement that is regarded as true- it is easily accepted.
'Capisco'- To understand/ see something from a certain point of view.
Ciliate- A single-celled Animal- links to the Beast in 'The Courtship of Mr Lyon' and 'The Tiger's Bride'.
Civet- Small and usually nocturnal mammal that can be found in Asia and Africa- Civet Cate- links to Mr Lyon during his 'episodes' with Beauty at Night.
'Desnuda'- To be naked/ ill-clothed- suggestive that something is plain/ evident.
Excoriate- To damage/ remove part of the Skin.
Expostulating- To show strong disapproval/ disagreement in a situation.
Eyrie- Bird of Prey- could be used to mirror the Beast- within 'The Courtship of Mr Lyon' and 'The Tiger's Bride'.
Gavotte- Medium Paced French Dance- popular in the 18th Century.
Gracile- To be attractively slender/ thin.
Megalomaniac- Obsessive desire for power- can be used to mirror many characters within the Short Stories within 'The Bloody Chamber'.
Metaphysical- To portray abstract reasoning in view of a certain idea.
Minuet- A slow, stately Ballroom Dance- popular in the 18th Century.
'Molto Agitato'- To be very agitated.
Nascent- Just coming into life- displaying signs of future potential- to show development.
Obsequious- To show compliance/ to be obedient- Carter portrays many of her Female Character's to be this.
Ostler- A Man employed to look after Horses staying in an Inn.
Patina- An appearance produced by almost stereotype- that you will look/ act a certain way.
Preternatural- Differing from the stereotype of 'normal'- surpassing the natural.
Profligate- Used to describe a Person as wasteful of resources etc.- used to show the Father within 'The Tiger's Bride'.
Settecento- Used to describe the period within the 18th Century involving Art/ Literature etc.
Shagreen- An untanned leather with a rough surface.
Simian Simulacra- The Image/ Representation of an Ape/ Monkey.
Soubrette- The stereotypical stock Character in Opera/ Theatre- can mean conceited and coy.
Spar- A stout pole- that can be used as support in differing circumstances.
Spurious- Of a deceitful/ untruthful nature- does not possess genuine qualities
.
Tantivy- A gallop or ride.
Tintinnabulation- The act of ringing/ sounding a bell.
Viscera- The Organs in the cavities of the Body.
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